Computer Science

Computer science (sometimes called computation science or computing science, but not to be confused with computational science or software engineering) is the study of processes that interact with data and that can be represented as data in the form of programs.It enables the use of algorithms to manipulate, store and communicate digital information. A computer scientist studies the theory of computation and the practice of designing software systems.

It is fields can be divided into theoretical and  practical disciplines.Computational complexity theory   

 is highly abstract, while computer graphics emphasizes real-world applications. Programming language theory considers approaches to the description of computational processes,while computer programming itself involves the use of programming languages and complex systems. Human-computer interaction considers the challenges in making computers useful,usable, and accessible.

History 

Wilhelm Schickard designed and constructed the first working mechanical calculator in 1623. Golttfried Leibniz demonstrated a digital mechanical calculator called the Stepped Reckoner. He may be considered the first computer scientist and information theorist for among other reasons,documenting the binary system.In 1820, Thomas de Colmar launched the mechanical calculator industry when he released his simplified arithmometer, which was the first calculating machine strong enough and reliable enough to be used daily in an office environment. Charles Babbage started the design of the first automatic mechanical calculator, his Difference Engine, in 1822, which eventually gave him the idea of the first programmable mechanical calculator, his Analytical Engine. He started developing this machine in 1834, and "in less than two years, he had sketched out many of the salient features of the modern computer"."A crucial step was the adoption of a punched card system derived from the "Jacquard Loom" making it infinitely programmable.In 1843, during the translation of a French article on the Analytical Engine, Ada Lovelace wrote, in one of the many notes she included, an algorithm to compute the Bernoulli numbers , which is considered to be the first published algorithm ever specifically tailored for implementation on a computer.Around 1885, Herman Hollerith invented the tabulator,which used punched cards to process statistical information; eventually his company became part of IBM Following Babbage, although unaware of his earlier work, Percy Ludgate in 1909 published the 2nd of the only two designs for mechanical analytical engines in history. In 1937, one hundred years after Babbage's impossible dream, Howard Aiken convinced IBM, which was making all kinds of punched card equipment and was also in the calculator business to develop his giant programmable calculator, the ASCC/Harvard Mark I based on Babbage's Analytical Engine, which itself used cards and a central computing unit. When the machine was finished, some hailed it as "Babbage's dream come true".